Design and development of a low-power IoT System for continuous temperature monitoring

Abstract

This article presents the development of a compact, high-precision, and ener-gy-efficient temperature monitoring system designed for tracking applications where continuous and accurate thermal monitoring is essential. Built around the HY0020 System-on-Chip (SoC), the system integrates two bandgap-based temperature sen-sors—one internal to the SoC and one external (Si7020-A20)—mounted on a custom PCB and powered by a coin cell battery. A distinctive feature of the system is its sup-port for real-time parameterization of the internal sensor, which enables advanced capabilities such as thermal profiling, cross-validation, and onboard diagnostics. The system was evaluated under both room temperature and refrigeration conditions, demonstrating high accuracy with the internal sensor showing an average error of 0.041 °C and −0.36 °C, respectively, and absolute errors below ±0.5 °C. With an average current draw of just 0.01727 mA, the system achieves an estimated autonomy of 6.6 years on a 1000 mAh battery. Data are transmitted via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to a Raspberry Pi 4 gateway and forwarded to an IoT cloud platform for remote access and analysis. With a total cost of approximately EUR 20 and built entirely from com-mercially available components, this system offers a scalable and cost-effective solu-tion for a wide range of temperature-sensitive applications. Its combination of preci-sion, long-term autonomy, and advanced diagnostic capabilities make it suitable for deployment in diverse fields such as supply chain monitoring, environmental sensing, biomedical storage, and smart infrastructure—where reliable, low-maintenance ther-mal tracking is essential.